#
|
# The Python Imaging Library.
|
# $Id$
|
#
|
# the Image class wrapper
|
#
|
# partial release history:
|
# 1995-09-09 fl Created
|
# 1996-03-11 fl PIL release 0.0 (proof of concept)
|
# 1996-04-30 fl PIL release 0.1b1
|
# 1999-07-28 fl PIL release 1.0 final
|
# 2000-06-07 fl PIL release 1.1
|
# 2000-10-20 fl PIL release 1.1.1
|
# 2001-05-07 fl PIL release 1.1.2
|
# 2002-03-15 fl PIL release 1.1.3
|
# 2003-05-10 fl PIL release 1.1.4
|
# 2005-03-28 fl PIL release 1.1.5
|
# 2006-12-02 fl PIL release 1.1.6
|
# 2009-11-15 fl PIL release 1.1.7
|
#
|
# Copyright (c) 1997-2009 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
|
# Copyright (c) 1995-2009 by Fredrik Lundh.
|
#
|
# See the README file for information on usage and redistribution.
|
#
|
|
VERSION = "1.1.7"
|
|
try:
|
import warnings
|
except ImportError:
|
warnings = None
|
|
class _imaging_not_installed:
|
# module placeholder
|
def __getattr__(self, id):
|
raise ImportError("The _imaging C module is not installed")
|
|
try:
|
# give Tk a chance to set up the environment, in case we're
|
# using an _imaging module linked against libtcl/libtk (use
|
# __import__ to hide this from naive packagers; we don't really
|
# depend on Tk unless ImageTk is used, and that module already
|
# imports Tkinter)
|
__import__("FixTk")
|
except ImportError:
|
pass
|
|
try:
|
# If the _imaging C module is not present, you can still use
|
# the "open" function to identify files, but you cannot load
|
# them. Note that other modules should not refer to _imaging
|
# directly; import Image and use the Image.core variable instead.
|
import _imaging
|
core = _imaging
|
del _imaging
|
except ImportError, v:
|
core = _imaging_not_installed()
|
if str(v)[:20] == "Module use of python" and warnings:
|
# The _imaging C module is present, but not compiled for
|
# the right version (windows only). Print a warning, if
|
# possible.
|
warnings.warn(
|
"The _imaging extension was built for another version "
|
"of Python; most PIL functions will be disabled",
|
RuntimeWarning
|
)
|
|
import ImageMode
|
import ImagePalette
|
|
import os, string, sys
|
|
# type stuff
|
from types import IntType, StringType, TupleType
|
|
try:
|
UnicodeStringType = type(unicode(""))
|
##
|
# (Internal) Checks if an object is a string. If the current
|
# Python version supports Unicode, this checks for both 8-bit
|
# and Unicode strings.
|
def isStringType(t):
|
return isinstance(t, StringType) or isinstance(t, UnicodeStringType)
|
except NameError:
|
def isStringType(t):
|
return isinstance(t, StringType)
|
|
##
|
# (Internal) Checks if an object is a tuple.
|
|
def isTupleType(t):
|
return isinstance(t, TupleType)
|
|
##
|
# (Internal) Checks if an object is an image object.
|
|
def isImageType(t):
|
return hasattr(t, "im")
|
|
##
|
# (Internal) Checks if an object is a string, and that it points to a
|
# directory.
|
|
def isDirectory(f):
|
return isStringType(f) and os.path.isdir(f)
|
|
from operator import isNumberType, isSequenceType
|
|
#
|
# Debug level
|
|
DEBUG = 0
|
|
#
|
# Constants (also defined in _imagingmodule.c!)
|
|
NONE = 0
|
|
# transpose
|
FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT = 0
|
FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM = 1
|
ROTATE_90 = 2
|
ROTATE_180 = 3
|
ROTATE_270 = 4
|
|
# transforms
|
AFFINE = 0
|
EXTENT = 1
|
PERSPECTIVE = 2
|
QUAD = 3
|
MESH = 4
|
|
# resampling filters
|
NONE = 0
|
NEAREST = 0
|
ANTIALIAS = 1 # 3-lobed lanczos
|
LINEAR = BILINEAR = 2
|
CUBIC = BICUBIC = 3
|
|
# dithers
|
NONE = 0
|
NEAREST = 0
|
ORDERED = 1 # Not yet implemented
|
RASTERIZE = 2 # Not yet implemented
|
FLOYDSTEINBERG = 3 # default
|
|
# palettes/quantizers
|
WEB = 0
|
ADAPTIVE = 1
|
|
# categories
|
NORMAL = 0
|
SEQUENCE = 1
|
CONTAINER = 2
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Registries
|
|
ID = []
|
OPEN = {}
|
MIME = {}
|
SAVE = {}
|
EXTENSION = {}
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Modes supported by this version
|
|
_MODEINFO = {
|
# NOTE: this table will be removed in future versions. use
|
# getmode* functions or ImageMode descriptors instead.
|
|
# official modes
|
"1": ("L", "L", ("1",)),
|
"L": ("L", "L", ("L",)),
|
"I": ("L", "I", ("I",)),
|
"F": ("L", "F", ("F",)),
|
"P": ("RGB", "L", ("P",)),
|
"RGB": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B")),
|
"RGBX": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "X")),
|
"RGBA": ("RGB", "L", ("R", "G", "B", "A")),
|
"CMYK": ("RGB", "L", ("C", "M", "Y", "K")),
|
"YCbCr": ("RGB", "L", ("Y", "Cb", "Cr")),
|
|
# Experimental modes include I;16, I;16L, I;16B, RGBa, BGR;15, and
|
# BGR;24. Use these modes only if you know exactly what you're
|
# doing...
|
|
}
|
|
try:
|
byteorder = sys.byteorder
|
except AttributeError:
|
import struct
|
if struct.unpack("h", "\0\1")[0] == 1:
|
byteorder = "big"
|
else:
|
byteorder = "little"
|
|
if byteorder == 'little':
|
_ENDIAN = '<'
|
else:
|
_ENDIAN = '>'
|
|
_MODE_CONV = {
|
# official modes
|
"1": ('|b1', None), # broken
|
"L": ('|u1', None),
|
"I": (_ENDIAN + 'i4', None),
|
"F": (_ENDIAN + 'f4', None),
|
"P": ('|u1', None),
|
"RGB": ('|u1', 3),
|
"RGBX": ('|u1', 4),
|
"RGBA": ('|u1', 4),
|
"CMYK": ('|u1', 4),
|
"YCbCr": ('|u1', 4),
|
}
|
|
def _conv_type_shape(im):
|
shape = im.size[1], im.size[0]
|
typ, extra = _MODE_CONV[im.mode]
|
if extra is None:
|
return shape, typ
|
else:
|
return shape+(extra,), typ
|
|
|
MODES = _MODEINFO.keys()
|
MODES.sort()
|
|
# raw modes that may be memory mapped. NOTE: if you change this, you
|
# may have to modify the stride calculation in map.c too!
|
_MAPMODES = ("L", "P", "RGBX", "RGBA", "CMYK", "I;16", "I;16L", "I;16B")
|
|
##
|
# Gets the "base" mode for given mode. This function returns "L" for
|
# images that contain grayscale data, and "RGB" for images that
|
# contain color data.
|
#
|
# @param mode Input mode.
|
# @return "L" or "RGB".
|
# @exception KeyError If the input mode was not a standard mode.
|
|
def getmodebase(mode):
|
return ImageMode.getmode(mode).basemode
|
|
##
|
# Gets the storage type mode. Given a mode, this function returns a
|
# single-layer mode suitable for storing individual bands.
|
#
|
# @param mode Input mode.
|
# @return "L", "I", or "F".
|
# @exception KeyError If the input mode was not a standard mode.
|
|
def getmodetype(mode):
|
return ImageMode.getmode(mode).basetype
|
|
##
|
# Gets a list of individual band names. Given a mode, this function
|
# returns a tuple containing the names of individual bands (use
|
# {@link #getmodetype} to get the mode used to store each individual
|
# band.
|
#
|
# @param mode Input mode.
|
# @return A tuple containing band names. The length of the tuple
|
# gives the number of bands in an image of the given mode.
|
# @exception KeyError If the input mode was not a standard mode.
|
|
def getmodebandnames(mode):
|
return ImageMode.getmode(mode).bands
|
|
##
|
# Gets the number of individual bands for this mode.
|
#
|
# @param mode Input mode.
|
# @return The number of bands in this mode.
|
# @exception KeyError If the input mode was not a standard mode.
|
|
def getmodebands(mode):
|
return len(ImageMode.getmode(mode).bands)
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Helpers
|
|
_initialized = 0
|
|
##
|
# Explicitly loads standard file format drivers.
|
|
def preinit():
|
"Load standard file format drivers."
|
|
global _initialized
|
if _initialized >= 1:
|
return
|
|
try:
|
import BmpImagePlugin
|
except ImportError:
|
pass
|
try:
|
import GifImagePlugin
|
except ImportError:
|
pass
|
try:
|
import JpegImagePlugin
|
except ImportError:
|
pass
|
try:
|
import PpmImagePlugin
|
except ImportError:
|
pass
|
try:
|
import PngImagePlugin
|
except ImportError:
|
pass
|
# try:
|
# import TiffImagePlugin
|
# except ImportError:
|
# pass
|
|
_initialized = 1
|
|
##
|
# Explicitly initializes the Python Imaging Library. This function
|
# loads all available file format drivers.
|
|
def init():
|
"Load all file format drivers."
|
|
global _initialized
|
if _initialized >= 2:
|
return 0
|
|
visited = {}
|
|
directories = sys.path
|
|
try:
|
directories = directories + [os.path.dirname(__file__)]
|
except NameError:
|
pass
|
|
# only check directories (including current, if present in the path)
|
for directory in filter(isDirectory, directories):
|
fullpath = os.path.abspath(directory)
|
if visited.has_key(fullpath):
|
continue
|
for file in os.listdir(directory):
|
if file[-14:] == "ImagePlugin.py":
|
f, e = os.path.splitext(file)
|
try:
|
sys.path.insert(0, directory)
|
try:
|
__import__(f, globals(), locals(), [])
|
finally:
|
del sys.path[0]
|
except ImportError:
|
if DEBUG:
|
print "Image: failed to import",
|
print f, ":", sys.exc_value
|
visited[fullpath] = None
|
|
if OPEN or SAVE:
|
_initialized = 2
|
return 1
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Codec factories (used by tostring/fromstring and ImageFile.load)
|
|
def _getdecoder(mode, decoder_name, args, extra=()):
|
|
# tweak arguments
|
if args is None:
|
args = ()
|
elif not isTupleType(args):
|
args = (args,)
|
|
try:
|
# get decoder
|
decoder = getattr(core, decoder_name + "_decoder")
|
# print decoder, (mode,) + args + extra
|
return apply(decoder, (mode,) + args + extra)
|
except AttributeError:
|
raise IOError("decoder %s not available" % decoder_name)
|
|
def _getencoder(mode, encoder_name, args, extra=()):
|
|
# tweak arguments
|
if args is None:
|
args = ()
|
elif not isTupleType(args):
|
args = (args,)
|
|
try:
|
# get encoder
|
encoder = getattr(core, encoder_name + "_encoder")
|
# print encoder, (mode,) + args + extra
|
return apply(encoder, (mode,) + args + extra)
|
except AttributeError:
|
raise IOError("encoder %s not available" % encoder_name)
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Simple expression analyzer
|
|
class _E:
|
def __init__(self, data): self.data = data
|
def __coerce__(self, other): return self, _E(other)
|
def __add__(self, other): return _E((self.data, "__add__", other.data))
|
def __mul__(self, other): return _E((self.data, "__mul__", other.data))
|
|
def _getscaleoffset(expr):
|
stub = ["stub"]
|
data = expr(_E(stub)).data
|
try:
|
(a, b, c) = data # simplified syntax
|
if (a is stub and b == "__mul__" and isNumberType(c)):
|
return c, 0.0
|
if (a is stub and b == "__add__" and isNumberType(c)):
|
return 1.0, c
|
except TypeError: pass
|
try:
|
((a, b, c), d, e) = data # full syntax
|
if (a is stub and b == "__mul__" and isNumberType(c) and
|
d == "__add__" and isNumberType(e)):
|
return c, e
|
except TypeError: pass
|
raise ValueError("illegal expression")
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Implementation wrapper
|
|
##
|
# This class represents an image object. To create Image objects, use
|
# the appropriate factory functions. There's hardly ever any reason
|
# to call the Image constructor directly.
|
#
|
# @see #open
|
# @see #new
|
# @see #fromstring
|
|
class Image:
|
|
format = None
|
format_description = None
|
|
def __init__(self):
|
# FIXME: take "new" parameters / other image?
|
# FIXME: turn mode and size into delegating properties?
|
self.im = None
|
self.mode = ""
|
self.size = (0, 0)
|
self.palette = None
|
self.info = {}
|
self.category = NORMAL
|
self.readonly = 0
|
|
def _new(self, im):
|
new = Image()
|
new.im = im
|
new.mode = im.mode
|
new.size = im.size
|
new.palette = self.palette
|
if im.mode == "P":
|
new.palette = ImagePalette.ImagePalette()
|
try:
|
new.info = self.info.copy()
|
except AttributeError:
|
# fallback (pre-1.5.2)
|
new.info = {}
|
for k, v in self.info:
|
new.info[k] = v
|
return new
|
|
_makeself = _new # compatibility
|
|
def _copy(self):
|
self.load()
|
self.im = self.im.copy()
|
self.readonly = 0
|
|
def _dump(self, file=None, format=None):
|
import tempfile
|
if not file:
|
file = tempfile.mktemp()
|
self.load()
|
if not format or format == "PPM":
|
self.im.save_ppm(file)
|
else:
|
file = file + "." + format
|
self.save(file, format)
|
return file
|
|
def __repr__(self):
|
return "<%s.%s image mode=%s size=%dx%d at 0x%X>" % (
|
self.__class__.__module__, self.__class__.__name__,
|
self.mode, self.size[0], self.size[1],
|
id(self)
|
)
|
|
def __getattr__(self, name):
|
if name == "__array_interface__":
|
# numpy array interface support
|
new = {}
|
shape, typestr = _conv_type_shape(self)
|
new['shape'] = shape
|
new['typestr'] = typestr
|
new['data'] = self.tostring()
|
return new
|
raise AttributeError(name)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a string containing pixel data.
|
#
|
# @param encoder_name What encoder to use. The default is to
|
# use the standard "raw" encoder.
|
# @param *args Extra arguments to the encoder.
|
# @return An 8-bit string.
|
|
def tostring(self, encoder_name="raw", *args):
|
"Return image as a binary string"
|
|
# may pass tuple instead of argument list
|
if len(args) == 1 and isTupleType(args[0]):
|
args = args[0]
|
|
if encoder_name == "raw" and args == ():
|
args = self.mode
|
|
self.load()
|
|
# unpack data
|
e = _getencoder(self.mode, encoder_name, args)
|
e.setimage(self.im)
|
|
bufsize = max(65536, self.size[0] * 4) # see RawEncode.c
|
|
data = []
|
while 1:
|
l, s, d = e.encode(bufsize)
|
data.append(d)
|
if s:
|
break
|
if s < 0:
|
raise RuntimeError("encoder error %d in tostring" % s)
|
|
return string.join(data, "")
|
|
##
|
# Returns the image converted to an X11 bitmap. This method
|
# only works for mode "1" images.
|
#
|
# @param name The name prefix to use for the bitmap variables.
|
# @return A string containing an X11 bitmap.
|
# @exception ValueError If the mode is not "1"
|
|
def tobitmap(self, name="image"):
|
"Return image as an XBM bitmap"
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.mode != "1":
|
raise ValueError("not a bitmap")
|
data = self.tostring("xbm")
|
return string.join(["#define %s_width %d\n" % (name, self.size[0]),
|
"#define %s_height %d\n"% (name, self.size[1]),
|
"static char %s_bits[] = {\n" % name, data, "};"], "")
|
|
##
|
# Loads this image with pixel data from a string.
|
# <p>
|
# This method is similar to the {@link #fromstring} function, but
|
# loads data into this image instead of creating a new image
|
# object.
|
|
def fromstring(self, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
|
"Load data to image from binary string"
|
|
# may pass tuple instead of argument list
|
if len(args) == 1 and isTupleType(args[0]):
|
args = args[0]
|
|
# default format
|
if decoder_name == "raw" and args == ():
|
args = self.mode
|
|
# unpack data
|
d = _getdecoder(self.mode, decoder_name, args)
|
d.setimage(self.im)
|
s = d.decode(data)
|
|
if s[0] >= 0:
|
raise ValueError("not enough image data")
|
if s[1] != 0:
|
raise ValueError("cannot decode image data")
|
|
##
|
# Allocates storage for the image and loads the pixel data. In
|
# normal cases, you don't need to call this method, since the
|
# Image class automatically loads an opened image when it is
|
# accessed for the first time.
|
#
|
# @return An image access object.
|
|
def load(self):
|
"Explicitly load pixel data."
|
if self.im and self.palette and self.palette.dirty:
|
# realize palette
|
apply(self.im.putpalette, self.palette.getdata())
|
self.palette.dirty = 0
|
self.palette.mode = "RGB"
|
self.palette.rawmode = None
|
if self.info.has_key("transparency"):
|
self.im.putpalettealpha(self.info["transparency"], 0)
|
self.palette.mode = "RGBA"
|
if self.im:
|
return self.im.pixel_access(self.readonly)
|
|
##
|
# Verifies the contents of a file. For data read from a file, this
|
# method attempts to determine if the file is broken, without
|
# actually decoding the image data. If this method finds any
|
# problems, it raises suitable exceptions. If you need to load
|
# the image after using this method, you must reopen the image
|
# file.
|
|
def verify(self):
|
"Verify file contents."
|
pass
|
|
##
|
# Returns a converted copy of this image. For the "P" mode, this
|
# method translates pixels through the palette. If mode is
|
# omitted, a mode is chosen so that all information in the image
|
# and the palette can be represented without a palette.
|
# <p>
|
# The current version supports all possible conversions between
|
# "L", "RGB" and "CMYK."
|
# <p>
|
# When translating a colour image to black and white (mode "L"),
|
# the library uses the ITU-R 601-2 luma transform:
|
# <p>
|
# <b>L = R * 299/1000 + G * 587/1000 + B * 114/1000</b>
|
# <p>
|
# When translating a greyscale image into a bilevel image (mode
|
# "1"), all non-zero values are set to 255 (white). To use other
|
# thresholds, use the {@link #Image.point} method.
|
#
|
# @def convert(mode, matrix=None, **options)
|
# @param mode The requested mode.
|
# @param matrix An optional conversion matrix. If given, this
|
# should be 4- or 16-tuple containing floating point values.
|
# @param options Additional options, given as keyword arguments.
|
# @keyparam dither Dithering method, used when converting from
|
# mode "RGB" to "P".
|
# Available methods are NONE or FLOYDSTEINBERG (default).
|
# @keyparam palette Palette to use when converting from mode "RGB"
|
# to "P". Available palettes are WEB or ADAPTIVE.
|
# @keyparam colors Number of colors to use for the ADAPTIVE palette.
|
# Defaults to 256.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def convert(self, mode=None, data=None, dither=None,
|
palette=WEB, colors=256):
|
"Convert to other pixel format"
|
|
if not mode:
|
# determine default mode
|
if self.mode == "P":
|
self.load()
|
if self.palette:
|
mode = self.palette.mode
|
else:
|
mode = "RGB"
|
else:
|
return self.copy()
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if data:
|
# matrix conversion
|
if mode not in ("L", "RGB"):
|
raise ValueError("illegal conversion")
|
im = self.im.convert_matrix(mode, data)
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
if mode == "P" and palette == ADAPTIVE:
|
im = self.im.quantize(colors)
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
# colourspace conversion
|
if dither is None:
|
dither = FLOYDSTEINBERG
|
|
try:
|
im = self.im.convert(mode, dither)
|
except ValueError:
|
try:
|
# normalize source image and try again
|
im = self.im.convert(getmodebase(self.mode))
|
im = im.convert(mode, dither)
|
except KeyError:
|
raise ValueError("illegal conversion")
|
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
def quantize(self, colors=256, method=0, kmeans=0, palette=None):
|
|
# methods:
|
# 0 = median cut
|
# 1 = maximum coverage
|
|
# NOTE: this functionality will be moved to the extended
|
# quantizer interface in a later version of PIL.
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if palette:
|
# use palette from reference image
|
palette.load()
|
if palette.mode != "P":
|
raise ValueError("bad mode for palette image")
|
if self.mode != "RGB" and self.mode != "L":
|
raise ValueError(
|
"only RGB or L mode images can be quantized to a palette"
|
)
|
im = self.im.convert("P", 1, palette.im)
|
return self._makeself(im)
|
|
im = self.im.quantize(colors, method, kmeans)
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
##
|
# Copies this image. Use this method if you wish to paste things
|
# into an image, but still retain the original.
|
#
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def copy(self):
|
"Copy raster data"
|
|
self.load()
|
im = self.im.copy()
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a rectangular region from this image. The box is a
|
# 4-tuple defining the left, upper, right, and lower pixel
|
# coordinate.
|
# <p>
|
# This is a lazy operation. Changes to the source image may or
|
# may not be reflected in the cropped image. To break the
|
# connection, call the {@link #Image.load} method on the cropped
|
# copy.
|
#
|
# @param The crop rectangle, as a (left, upper, right, lower)-tuple.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def crop(self, box=None):
|
"Crop region from image"
|
|
self.load()
|
if box is None:
|
return self.copy()
|
|
# lazy operation
|
return _ImageCrop(self, box)
|
|
##
|
# Configures the image file loader so it returns a version of the
|
# image that as closely as possible matches the given mode and
|
# size. For example, you can use this method to convert a colour
|
# JPEG to greyscale while loading it, or to extract a 128x192
|
# version from a PCD file.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that this method modifies the Image object in place. If
|
# the image has already been loaded, this method has no effect.
|
#
|
# @param mode The requested mode.
|
# @param size The requested size.
|
|
def draft(self, mode, size):
|
"Configure image decoder"
|
|
pass
|
|
def _expand(self, xmargin, ymargin=None):
|
if ymargin is None:
|
ymargin = xmargin
|
self.load()
|
return self._new(self.im.expand(xmargin, ymargin, 0))
|
|
##
|
# Filters this image using the given filter. For a list of
|
# available filters, see the <b>ImageFilter</b> module.
|
#
|
# @param filter Filter kernel.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
# @see ImageFilter
|
|
def filter(self, filter):
|
"Apply environment filter to image"
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if callable(filter):
|
filter = filter()
|
if not hasattr(filter, "filter"):
|
raise TypeError("filter argument should be ImageFilter.Filter instance or class")
|
|
if self.im.bands == 1:
|
return self._new(filter.filter(self.im))
|
# fix to handle multiband images since _imaging doesn't
|
ims = []
|
for c in range(self.im.bands):
|
ims.append(self._new(filter.filter(self.im.getband(c))))
|
return merge(self.mode, ims)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a tuple containing the name of each band in this image.
|
# For example, <b>getbands</b> on an RGB image returns ("R", "G", "B").
|
#
|
# @return A tuple containing band names.
|
|
def getbands(self):
|
"Get band names"
|
|
return ImageMode.getmode(self.mode).bands
|
|
##
|
# Calculates the bounding box of the non-zero regions in the
|
# image.
|
#
|
# @return The bounding box is returned as a 4-tuple defining the
|
# left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate. If the image
|
# is completely empty, this method returns None.
|
|
def getbbox(self):
|
"Get bounding box of actual data (non-zero pixels) in image"
|
|
self.load()
|
return self.im.getbbox()
|
|
##
|
# Returns a list of colors used in this image.
|
#
|
# @param maxcolors Maximum number of colors. If this number is
|
# exceeded, this method returns None. The default limit is
|
# 256 colors.
|
# @return An unsorted list of (count, pixel) values.
|
|
def getcolors(self, maxcolors=256):
|
"Get colors from image, up to given limit"
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.mode in ("1", "L", "P"):
|
h = self.im.histogram()
|
out = []
|
for i in range(256):
|
if h[i]:
|
out.append((h[i], i))
|
if len(out) > maxcolors:
|
return None
|
return out
|
return self.im.getcolors(maxcolors)
|
|
##
|
# Returns the contents of this image as a sequence object
|
# containing pixel values. The sequence object is flattened, so
|
# that values for line one follow directly after the values of
|
# line zero, and so on.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that the sequence object returned by this method is an
|
# internal PIL data type, which only supports certain sequence
|
# operations. To convert it to an ordinary sequence (e.g. for
|
# printing), use <b>list(im.getdata())</b>.
|
#
|
# @param band What band to return. The default is to return
|
# all bands. To return a single band, pass in the index
|
# value (e.g. 0 to get the "R" band from an "RGB" image).
|
# @return A sequence-like object.
|
|
def getdata(self, band = None):
|
"Get image data as sequence object."
|
|
self.load()
|
if band is not None:
|
return self.im.getband(band)
|
return self.im # could be abused
|
|
##
|
# Gets the the minimum and maximum pixel values for each band in
|
# the image.
|
#
|
# @return For a single-band image, a 2-tuple containing the
|
# minimum and maximum pixel value. For a multi-band image,
|
# a tuple containing one 2-tuple for each band.
|
|
def getextrema(self):
|
"Get min/max value"
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.im.bands > 1:
|
extrema = []
|
for i in range(self.im.bands):
|
extrema.append(self.im.getband(i).getextrema())
|
return tuple(extrema)
|
return self.im.getextrema()
|
|
##
|
# Returns a PyCObject that points to the internal image memory.
|
#
|
# @return A PyCObject object.
|
|
def getim(self):
|
"Get PyCObject pointer to internal image memory"
|
|
self.load()
|
return self.im.ptr
|
|
|
##
|
# Returns the image palette as a list.
|
#
|
# @return A list of color values [r, g, b, ...], or None if the
|
# image has no palette.
|
|
def getpalette(self):
|
"Get palette contents."
|
|
self.load()
|
try:
|
return map(ord, self.im.getpalette())
|
except ValueError:
|
return None # no palette
|
|
|
##
|
# Returns the pixel value at a given position.
|
#
|
# @param xy The coordinate, given as (x, y).
|
# @return The pixel value. If the image is a multi-layer image,
|
# this method returns a tuple.
|
|
def getpixel(self, xy):
|
"Get pixel value"
|
|
self.load()
|
return self.im.getpixel(xy)
|
|
##
|
# Returns the horizontal and vertical projection.
|
#
|
# @return Two sequences, indicating where there are non-zero
|
# pixels along the X-axis and the Y-axis, respectively.
|
|
def getprojection(self):
|
"Get projection to x and y axes"
|
|
self.load()
|
x, y = self.im.getprojection()
|
return map(ord, x), map(ord, y)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a histogram for the image. The histogram is returned as
|
# a list of pixel counts, one for each pixel value in the source
|
# image. If the image has more than one band, the histograms for
|
# all bands are concatenated (for example, the histogram for an
|
# "RGB" image contains 768 values).
|
# <p>
|
# A bilevel image (mode "1") is treated as a greyscale ("L") image
|
# by this method.
|
# <p>
|
# If a mask is provided, the method returns a histogram for those
|
# parts of the image where the mask image is non-zero. The mask
|
# image must have the same size as the image, and be either a
|
# bi-level image (mode "1") or a greyscale image ("L").
|
#
|
# @def histogram(mask=None)
|
# @param mask An optional mask.
|
# @return A list containing pixel counts.
|
|
def histogram(self, mask=None, extrema=None):
|
"Take histogram of image"
|
|
self.load()
|
if mask:
|
mask.load()
|
return self.im.histogram((0, 0), mask.im)
|
if self.mode in ("I", "F"):
|
if extrema is None:
|
extrema = self.getextrema()
|
return self.im.histogram(extrema)
|
return self.im.histogram()
|
|
##
|
# (Deprecated) Returns a copy of the image where the data has been
|
# offset by the given distances. Data wraps around the edges. If
|
# yoffset is omitted, it is assumed to be equal to xoffset.
|
# <p>
|
# This method is deprecated. New code should use the <b>offset</b>
|
# function in the <b>ImageChops</b> module.
|
#
|
# @param xoffset The horizontal distance.
|
# @param yoffset The vertical distance. If omitted, both
|
# distances are set to the same value.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def offset(self, xoffset, yoffset=None):
|
"(deprecated) Offset image in horizontal and/or vertical direction"
|
if warnings:
|
warnings.warn(
|
"'offset' is deprecated; use 'ImageChops.offset' instead",
|
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2
|
)
|
import ImageChops
|
return ImageChops.offset(self, xoffset, yoffset)
|
|
##
|
# Pastes another image into this image. The box argument is either
|
# a 2-tuple giving the upper left corner, a 4-tuple defining the
|
# left, upper, right, and lower pixel coordinate, or None (same as
|
# (0, 0)). If a 4-tuple is given, the size of the pasted image
|
# must match the size of the region.
|
# <p>
|
# If the modes don't match, the pasted image is converted to the
|
# mode of this image (see the {@link #Image.convert} method for
|
# details).
|
# <p>
|
# Instead of an image, the source can be a integer or tuple
|
# containing pixel values. The method then fills the region
|
# with the given colour. When creating RGB images, you can
|
# also use colour strings as supported by the ImageColor module.
|
# <p>
|
# If a mask is given, this method updates only the regions
|
# indicated by the mask. You can use either "1", "L" or "RGBA"
|
# images (in the latter case, the alpha band is used as mask).
|
# Where the mask is 255, the given image is copied as is. Where
|
# the mask is 0, the current value is preserved. Intermediate
|
# values can be used for transparency effects.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that if you paste an "RGBA" image, the alpha band is
|
# ignored. You can work around this by using the same image as
|
# both source image and mask.
|
#
|
# @param im Source image or pixel value (integer or tuple).
|
# @param box An optional 4-tuple giving the region to paste into.
|
# If a 2-tuple is used instead, it's treated as the upper left
|
# corner. If omitted or None, the source is pasted into the
|
# upper left corner.
|
# <p>
|
# If an image is given as the second argument and there is no
|
# third, the box defaults to (0, 0), and the second argument
|
# is interpreted as a mask image.
|
# @param mask An optional mask image.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def paste(self, im, box=None, mask=None):
|
"Paste other image into region"
|
|
if isImageType(box) and mask is None:
|
# abbreviated paste(im, mask) syntax
|
mask = box; box = None
|
|
if box is None:
|
# cover all of self
|
box = (0, 0) + self.size
|
|
if len(box) == 2:
|
# lower left corner given; get size from image or mask
|
if isImageType(im):
|
size = im.size
|
elif isImageType(mask):
|
size = mask.size
|
else:
|
# FIXME: use self.size here?
|
raise ValueError(
|
"cannot determine region size; use 4-item box"
|
)
|
box = box + (box[0]+size[0], box[1]+size[1])
|
|
if isStringType(im):
|
import ImageColor
|
im = ImageColor.getcolor(im, self.mode)
|
|
elif isImageType(im):
|
im.load()
|
if self.mode != im.mode:
|
if self.mode != "RGB" or im.mode not in ("RGBA", "RGBa"):
|
# should use an adapter for this!
|
im = im.convert(self.mode)
|
im = im.im
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.readonly:
|
self._copy()
|
|
if mask:
|
mask.load()
|
self.im.paste(im, box, mask.im)
|
else:
|
self.im.paste(im, box)
|
|
##
|
# Maps this image through a lookup table or function.
|
#
|
# @param lut A lookup table, containing 256 values per band in the
|
# image. A function can be used instead, it should take a single
|
# argument. The function is called once for each possible pixel
|
# value, and the resulting table is applied to all bands of the
|
# image.
|
# @param mode Output mode (default is same as input). In the
|
# current version, this can only be used if the source image
|
# has mode "L" or "P", and the output has mode "1".
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def point(self, lut, mode=None):
|
"Map image through lookup table"
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if isinstance(lut, ImagePointHandler):
|
return lut.point(self)
|
|
if not isSequenceType(lut):
|
# if it isn't a list, it should be a function
|
if self.mode in ("I", "I;16", "F"):
|
# check if the function can be used with point_transform
|
scale, offset = _getscaleoffset(lut)
|
return self._new(self.im.point_transform(scale, offset))
|
# for other modes, convert the function to a table
|
lut = map(lut, range(256)) * self.im.bands
|
|
if self.mode == "F":
|
# FIXME: _imaging returns a confusing error message for this case
|
raise ValueError("point operation not supported for this mode")
|
|
return self._new(self.im.point(lut, mode))
|
|
##
|
# Adds or replaces the alpha layer in this image. If the image
|
# does not have an alpha layer, it's converted to "LA" or "RGBA".
|
# The new layer must be either "L" or "1".
|
#
|
# @param im The new alpha layer. This can either be an "L" or "1"
|
# image having the same size as this image, or an integer or
|
# other color value.
|
|
def putalpha(self, alpha):
|
"Set alpha layer"
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.readonly:
|
self._copy()
|
|
if self.mode not in ("LA", "RGBA"):
|
# attempt to promote self to a matching alpha mode
|
try:
|
mode = getmodebase(self.mode) + "A"
|
try:
|
self.im.setmode(mode)
|
except (AttributeError, ValueError):
|
# do things the hard way
|
im = self.im.convert(mode)
|
if im.mode not in ("LA", "RGBA"):
|
raise ValueError # sanity check
|
self.im = im
|
self.mode = self.im.mode
|
except (KeyError, ValueError):
|
raise ValueError("illegal image mode")
|
|
if self.mode == "LA":
|
band = 1
|
else:
|
band = 3
|
|
if isImageType(alpha):
|
# alpha layer
|
if alpha.mode not in ("1", "L"):
|
raise ValueError("illegal image mode")
|
alpha.load()
|
if alpha.mode == "1":
|
alpha = alpha.convert("L")
|
else:
|
# constant alpha
|
try:
|
self.im.fillband(band, alpha)
|
except (AttributeError, ValueError):
|
# do things the hard way
|
alpha = new("L", self.size, alpha)
|
else:
|
return
|
|
self.im.putband(alpha.im, band)
|
|
##
|
# Copies pixel data to this image. This method copies data from a
|
# sequence object into the image, starting at the upper left
|
# corner (0, 0), and continuing until either the image or the
|
# sequence ends. The scale and offset values are used to adjust
|
# the sequence values: <b>pixel = value*scale + offset</b>.
|
#
|
# @param data A sequence object.
|
# @param scale An optional scale value. The default is 1.0.
|
# @param offset An optional offset value. The default is 0.0.
|
|
def putdata(self, data, scale=1.0, offset=0.0):
|
"Put data from a sequence object into an image."
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.readonly:
|
self._copy()
|
|
self.im.putdata(data, scale, offset)
|
|
##
|
# Attaches a palette to this image. The image must be a "P" or
|
# "L" image, and the palette sequence must contain 768 integer
|
# values, where each group of three values represent the red,
|
# green, and blue values for the corresponding pixel
|
# index. Instead of an integer sequence, you can use an 8-bit
|
# string.
|
#
|
# @def putpalette(data)
|
# @param data A palette sequence (either a list or a string).
|
|
def putpalette(self, data, rawmode="RGB"):
|
"Put palette data into an image."
|
|
if self.mode not in ("L", "P"):
|
raise ValueError("illegal image mode")
|
self.load()
|
if isinstance(data, ImagePalette.ImagePalette):
|
palette = ImagePalette.raw(data.rawmode, data.palette)
|
else:
|
if not isStringType(data):
|
data = string.join(map(chr, data), "")
|
palette = ImagePalette.raw(rawmode, data)
|
self.mode = "P"
|
self.palette = palette
|
self.palette.mode = "RGB"
|
self.load() # install new palette
|
|
##
|
# Modifies the pixel at the given position. The colour is given as
|
# a single numerical value for single-band images, and a tuple for
|
# multi-band images.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that this method is relatively slow. For more extensive
|
# changes, use {@link #Image.paste} or the <b>ImageDraw</b> module
|
# instead.
|
#
|
# @param xy The pixel coordinate, given as (x, y).
|
# @param value The pixel value.
|
# @see #Image.paste
|
# @see #Image.putdata
|
# @see ImageDraw
|
|
def putpixel(self, xy, value):
|
"Set pixel value"
|
|
self.load()
|
if self.readonly:
|
self._copy()
|
|
return self.im.putpixel(xy, value)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a resized copy of this image.
|
#
|
# @def resize(size, filter=NEAREST)
|
# @param size The requested size in pixels, as a 2-tuple:
|
# (width, height).
|
# @param filter An optional resampling filter. This can be
|
# one of <b>NEAREST</b> (use nearest neighbour), <b>BILINEAR</b>
|
# (linear interpolation in a 2x2 environment), <b>BICUBIC</b>
|
# (cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment), or
|
# <b>ANTIALIAS</b> (a high-quality downsampling filter).
|
# If omitted, or if the image has mode "1" or "P", it is
|
# set <b>NEAREST</b>.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def resize(self, size, resample=NEAREST):
|
"Resize image"
|
|
if resample not in (NEAREST, BILINEAR, BICUBIC, ANTIALIAS):
|
raise ValueError("unknown resampling filter")
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if self.mode in ("1", "P"):
|
resample = NEAREST
|
|
if resample == ANTIALIAS:
|
# requires stretch support (imToolkit & PIL 1.1.3)
|
try:
|
im = self.im.stretch(size, resample)
|
except AttributeError:
|
raise ValueError("unsupported resampling filter")
|
else:
|
im = self.im.resize(size, resample)
|
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a rotated copy of this image. This method returns a
|
# copy of this image, rotated the given number of degrees counter
|
# clockwise around its centre.
|
#
|
# @def rotate(angle, filter=NEAREST)
|
# @param angle In degrees counter clockwise.
|
# @param filter An optional resampling filter. This can be
|
# one of <b>NEAREST</b> (use nearest neighbour), <b>BILINEAR</b>
|
# (linear interpolation in a 2x2 environment), or <b>BICUBIC</b>
|
# (cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4 environment).
|
# If omitted, or if the image has mode "1" or "P", it is
|
# set <b>NEAREST</b>.
|
# @param expand Optional expansion flag. If true, expands the output
|
# image to make it large enough to hold the entire rotated image.
|
# If false or omitted, make the output image the same size as the
|
# input image.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def rotate(self, angle, resample=NEAREST, expand=0):
|
"Rotate image. Angle given as degrees counter-clockwise."
|
|
if expand:
|
import math
|
angle = -angle * math.pi / 180
|
matrix = [
|
math.cos(angle), math.sin(angle), 0.0,
|
-math.sin(angle), math.cos(angle), 0.0
|
]
|
def transform(x, y, (a, b, c, d, e, f)=matrix):
|
return a*x + b*y + c, d*x + e*y + f
|
|
# calculate output size
|
w, h = self.size
|
xx = []
|
yy = []
|
for x, y in ((0, 0), (w, 0), (w, h), (0, h)):
|
x, y = transform(x, y)
|
xx.append(x)
|
yy.append(y)
|
w = int(math.ceil(max(xx)) - math.floor(min(xx)))
|
h = int(math.ceil(max(yy)) - math.floor(min(yy)))
|
|
# adjust center
|
x, y = transform(w / 2.0, h / 2.0)
|
matrix[2] = self.size[0] / 2.0 - x
|
matrix[5] = self.size[1] / 2.0 - y
|
|
return self.transform((w, h), AFFINE, matrix, resample)
|
|
if resample not in (NEAREST, BILINEAR, BICUBIC):
|
raise ValueError("unknown resampling filter")
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if self.mode in ("1", "P"):
|
resample = NEAREST
|
|
return self._new(self.im.rotate(angle, resample))
|
|
##
|
# Saves this image under the given filename. If no format is
|
# specified, the format to use is determined from the filename
|
# extension, if possible.
|
# <p>
|
# Keyword options can be used to provide additional instructions
|
# to the writer. If a writer doesn't recognise an option, it is
|
# silently ignored. The available options are described later in
|
# this handbook.
|
# <p>
|
# You can use a file object instead of a filename. In this case,
|
# you must always specify the format. The file object must
|
# implement the <b>seek</b>, <b>tell</b>, and <b>write</b>
|
# methods, and be opened in binary mode.
|
#
|
# @def save(file, format=None, **options)
|
# @param file File name or file object.
|
# @param format Optional format override. If omitted, the
|
# format to use is determined from the filename extension.
|
# If a file object was used instead of a filename, this
|
# parameter should always be used.
|
# @param **options Extra parameters to the image writer.
|
# @return None
|
# @exception KeyError If the output format could not be determined
|
# from the file name. Use the format option to solve this.
|
# @exception IOError If the file could not be written. The file
|
# may have been created, and may contain partial data.
|
|
def save(self, fp, format=None, **params):
|
"Save image to file or stream"
|
|
if isStringType(fp):
|
filename = fp
|
else:
|
if hasattr(fp, "name") and isStringType(fp.name):
|
filename = fp.name
|
else:
|
filename = ""
|
|
# may mutate self!
|
self.load()
|
|
self.encoderinfo = params
|
self.encoderconfig = ()
|
|
preinit()
|
|
ext = string.lower(os.path.splitext(filename)[1])
|
|
if not format:
|
try:
|
format = EXTENSION[ext]
|
except KeyError:
|
init()
|
try:
|
format = EXTENSION[ext]
|
except KeyError:
|
raise KeyError(ext) # unknown extension
|
|
try:
|
save_handler = SAVE[string.upper(format)]
|
except KeyError:
|
init()
|
save_handler = SAVE[string.upper(format)] # unknown format
|
|
if isStringType(fp):
|
import __builtin__
|
fp = __builtin__.open(fp, "wb")
|
close = 1
|
else:
|
close = 0
|
|
try:
|
save_handler(self, fp, filename)
|
finally:
|
# do what we can to clean up
|
if close:
|
fp.close()
|
|
##
|
# Seeks to the given frame in this sequence file. If you seek
|
# beyond the end of the sequence, the method raises an
|
# <b>EOFError</b> exception. When a sequence file is opened, the
|
# library automatically seeks to frame 0.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that in the current version of the library, most sequence
|
# formats only allows you to seek to the next frame.
|
#
|
# @param frame Frame number, starting at 0.
|
# @exception EOFError If the call attempts to seek beyond the end
|
# of the sequence.
|
# @see #Image.tell
|
|
def seek(self, frame):
|
"Seek to given frame in sequence file"
|
|
# overridden by file handlers
|
if frame != 0:
|
raise EOFError
|
|
##
|
# Displays this image. This method is mainly intended for
|
# debugging purposes.
|
# <p>
|
# On Unix platforms, this method saves the image to a temporary
|
# PPM file, and calls the <b>xv</b> utility.
|
# <p>
|
# On Windows, it saves the image to a temporary BMP file, and uses
|
# the standard BMP display utility to show it (usually Paint).
|
#
|
# @def show(title=None)
|
# @param title Optional title to use for the image window,
|
# where possible.
|
|
def show(self, title=None, command=None):
|
"Display image (for debug purposes only)"
|
|
_show(self, title=title, command=command)
|
|
##
|
# Split this image into individual bands. This method returns a
|
# tuple of individual image bands from an image. For example,
|
# splitting an "RGB" image creates three new images each
|
# containing a copy of one of the original bands (red, green,
|
# blue).
|
#
|
# @return A tuple containing bands.
|
|
def split(self):
|
"Split image into bands"
|
|
if self.im.bands == 1:
|
ims = [self.copy()]
|
else:
|
ims = []
|
self.load()
|
for i in range(self.im.bands):
|
ims.append(self._new(self.im.getband(i)))
|
return tuple(ims)
|
|
##
|
# Returns the current frame number.
|
#
|
# @return Frame number, starting with 0.
|
# @see #Image.seek
|
|
def tell(self):
|
"Return current frame number"
|
|
return 0
|
|
##
|
# Make this image into a thumbnail. This method modifies the
|
# image to contain a thumbnail version of itself, no larger than
|
# the given size. This method calculates an appropriate thumbnail
|
# size to preserve the aspect of the image, calls the {@link
|
# #Image.draft} method to configure the file reader (where
|
# applicable), and finally resizes the image.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that the bilinear and bicubic filters in the current
|
# version of PIL are not well-suited for thumbnail generation.
|
# You should use <b>ANTIALIAS</b> unless speed is much more
|
# important than quality.
|
# <p>
|
# Also note that this function modifies the Image object in place.
|
# If you need to use the full resolution image as well, apply this
|
# method to a {@link #Image.copy} of the original image.
|
#
|
# @param size Requested size.
|
# @param resample Optional resampling filter. This can be one
|
# of <b>NEAREST</b>, <b>BILINEAR</b>, <b>BICUBIC</b>, or
|
# <b>ANTIALIAS</b> (best quality). If omitted, it defaults
|
# to <b>NEAREST</b> (this will be changed to ANTIALIAS in a
|
# future version).
|
# @return None
|
|
def thumbnail(self, size, resample=NEAREST):
|
"Create thumbnail representation (modifies image in place)"
|
|
# FIXME: the default resampling filter will be changed
|
# to ANTIALIAS in future versions
|
|
# preserve aspect ratio
|
x, y = self.size
|
if x > size[0]: y = max(y * size[0] / x, 1); x = size[0]
|
if y > size[1]: x = max(x * size[1] / y, 1); y = size[1]
|
size = x, y
|
|
if size == self.size:
|
return
|
|
self.draft(None, size)
|
|
self.load()
|
|
try:
|
im = self.resize(size, resample)
|
except ValueError:
|
if resample != ANTIALIAS:
|
raise
|
im = self.resize(size, NEAREST) # fallback
|
|
self.im = im.im
|
self.mode = im.mode
|
self.size = size
|
|
self.readonly = 0
|
|
# FIXME: the different tranform methods need further explanation
|
# instead of bloating the method docs, add a separate chapter.
|
|
##
|
# Transforms this image. This method creates a new image with the
|
# given size, and the same mode as the original, and copies data
|
# to the new image using the given transform.
|
# <p>
|
# @def transform(size, method, data, resample=NEAREST)
|
# @param size The output size.
|
# @param method The transformation method. This is one of
|
# <b>EXTENT</b> (cut out a rectangular subregion), <b>AFFINE</b>
|
# (affine transform), <b>PERSPECTIVE</b> (perspective
|
# transform), <b>QUAD</b> (map a quadrilateral to a
|
# rectangle), or <b>MESH</b> (map a number of source quadrilaterals
|
# in one operation).
|
# @param data Extra data to the transformation method.
|
# @param resample Optional resampling filter. It can be one of
|
# <b>NEAREST</b> (use nearest neighbour), <b>BILINEAR</b>
|
# (linear interpolation in a 2x2 environment), or
|
# <b>BICUBIC</b> (cubic spline interpolation in a 4x4
|
# environment). If omitted, or if the image has mode
|
# "1" or "P", it is set to <b>NEAREST</b>.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def transform(self, size, method, data=None, resample=NEAREST, fill=1):
|
"Transform image"
|
|
if isinstance(method, ImageTransformHandler):
|
return method.transform(size, self, resample=resample, fill=fill)
|
if hasattr(method, "getdata"):
|
# compatibility w. old-style transform objects
|
method, data = method.getdata()
|
if data is None:
|
raise ValueError("missing method data")
|
im = new(self.mode, size, None)
|
if method == MESH:
|
# list of quads
|
for box, quad in data:
|
im.__transformer(box, self, QUAD, quad, resample, fill)
|
else:
|
im.__transformer((0, 0)+size, self, method, data, resample, fill)
|
|
return im
|
|
def __transformer(self, box, image, method, data,
|
resample=NEAREST, fill=1):
|
|
# FIXME: this should be turned into a lazy operation (?)
|
|
w = box[2]-box[0]
|
h = box[3]-box[1]
|
|
if method == AFFINE:
|
# change argument order to match implementation
|
data = (data[2], data[0], data[1],
|
data[5], data[3], data[4])
|
elif method == EXTENT:
|
# convert extent to an affine transform
|
x0, y0, x1, y1 = data
|
xs = float(x1 - x0) / w
|
ys = float(y1 - y0) / h
|
method = AFFINE
|
data = (x0 + xs/2, xs, 0, y0 + ys/2, 0, ys)
|
elif method == PERSPECTIVE:
|
# change argument order to match implementation
|
data = (data[2], data[0], data[1],
|
data[5], data[3], data[4],
|
data[6], data[7])
|
elif method == QUAD:
|
# quadrilateral warp. data specifies the four corners
|
# given as NW, SW, SE, and NE.
|
nw = data[0:2]; sw = data[2:4]; se = data[4:6]; ne = data[6:8]
|
x0, y0 = nw; As = 1.0 / w; At = 1.0 / h
|
data = (x0, (ne[0]-x0)*As, (sw[0]-x0)*At,
|
(se[0]-sw[0]-ne[0]+x0)*As*At,
|
y0, (ne[1]-y0)*As, (sw[1]-y0)*At,
|
(se[1]-sw[1]-ne[1]+y0)*As*At)
|
else:
|
raise ValueError("unknown transformation method")
|
|
if resample not in (NEAREST, BILINEAR, BICUBIC):
|
raise ValueError("unknown resampling filter")
|
|
image.load()
|
|
self.load()
|
|
if image.mode in ("1", "P"):
|
resample = NEAREST
|
|
self.im.transform2(box, image.im, method, data, resample, fill)
|
|
##
|
# Returns a flipped or rotated copy of this image.
|
#
|
# @param method One of <b>FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT</b>, <b>FLIP_TOP_BOTTOM</b>,
|
# <b>ROTATE_90</b>, <b>ROTATE_180</b>, or <b>ROTATE_270</b>.
|
|
def transpose(self, method):
|
"Transpose image (flip or rotate in 90 degree steps)"
|
|
self.load()
|
im = self.im.transpose(method)
|
return self._new(im)
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Lazy operations
|
|
class _ImageCrop(Image):
|
|
def __init__(self, im, box):
|
|
Image.__init__(self)
|
|
x0, y0, x1, y1 = box
|
if x1 < x0:
|
x1 = x0
|
if y1 < y0:
|
y1 = y0
|
|
self.mode = im.mode
|
self.size = x1-x0, y1-y0
|
|
self.__crop = x0, y0, x1, y1
|
|
self.im = im.im
|
|
def load(self):
|
|
# lazy evaluation!
|
if self.__crop:
|
self.im = self.im.crop(self.__crop)
|
self.__crop = None
|
|
if self.im:
|
return self.im.pixel_access(self.readonly)
|
|
# FIXME: future versions should optimize crop/paste
|
# sequences!
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Abstract handlers.
|
|
class ImagePointHandler:
|
# used as a mixin by point transforms (for use with im.point)
|
pass
|
|
class ImageTransformHandler:
|
# used as a mixin by geometry transforms (for use with im.transform)
|
pass
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Factories
|
|
#
|
# Debugging
|
|
def _wedge():
|
"Create greyscale wedge (for debugging only)"
|
|
return Image()._new(core.wedge("L"))
|
|
##
|
# Creates a new image with the given mode and size.
|
#
|
# @param mode The mode to use for the new image.
|
# @param size A 2-tuple, containing (width, height) in pixels.
|
# @param color What colour to use for the image. Default is black.
|
# If given, this should be a single integer or floating point value
|
# for single-band modes, and a tuple for multi-band modes (one value
|
# per band). When creating RGB images, you can also use colour
|
# strings as supported by the ImageColor module. If the colour is
|
# None, the image is not initialised.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def new(mode, size, color=0):
|
"Create a new image"
|
|
if color is None:
|
# don't initialize
|
return Image()._new(core.new(mode, size))
|
|
if isStringType(color):
|
# css3-style specifier
|
|
import ImageColor
|
color = ImageColor.getcolor(color, mode)
|
|
return Image()._new(core.fill(mode, size, color))
|
|
##
|
# Creates an image memory from pixel data in a string.
|
# <p>
|
# In its simplest form, this function takes three arguments
|
# (mode, size, and unpacked pixel data).
|
# <p>
|
# You can also use any pixel decoder supported by PIL. For more
|
# information on available decoders, see the section <a
|
# href="pil-decoder.htm"><i>Writing Your Own File Decoder</i></a>.
|
# <p>
|
# Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images.
|
# If you have an entire image in a string, wrap it in a
|
# <b>StringIO</b> object, and use {@link #open} to load it.
|
#
|
# @param mode The image mode.
|
# @param size The image size.
|
# @param data An 8-bit string containing raw data for the given mode.
|
# @param decoder_name What decoder to use.
|
# @param *args Additional parameters for the given decoder.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def fromstring(mode, size, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
|
"Load image from string"
|
|
# may pass tuple instead of argument list
|
if len(args) == 1 and isTupleType(args[0]):
|
args = args[0]
|
|
if decoder_name == "raw" and args == ():
|
args = mode
|
|
im = new(mode, size)
|
im.fromstring(data, decoder_name, args)
|
return im
|
|
##
|
# (New in 1.1.4) Creates an image memory from pixel data in a string
|
# or byte buffer.
|
# <p>
|
# This function is similar to {@link #fromstring}, but uses data in
|
# the byte buffer, where possible. This means that changes to the
|
# original buffer object are reflected in this image). Not all modes
|
# can share memory; supported modes include "L", "RGBX", "RGBA", and
|
# "CMYK".
|
# <p>
|
# Note that this function decodes pixel data only, not entire images.
|
# If you have an entire image file in a string, wrap it in a
|
# <b>StringIO</b> object, and use {@link #open} to load it.
|
# <p>
|
# In the current version, the default parameters used for the "raw"
|
# decoder differs from that used for {@link fromstring}. This is a
|
# bug, and will probably be fixed in a future release. The current
|
# release issues a warning if you do this; to disable the warning,
|
# you should provide the full set of parameters. See below for
|
# details.
|
#
|
# @param mode The image mode.
|
# @param size The image size.
|
# @param data An 8-bit string or other buffer object containing raw
|
# data for the given mode.
|
# @param decoder_name What decoder to use.
|
# @param *args Additional parameters for the given decoder. For the
|
# default encoder ("raw"), it's recommended that you provide the
|
# full set of parameters:
|
# <b>frombuffer(mode, size, data, "raw", mode, 0, 1)</b>.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
# @since 1.1.4
|
|
def frombuffer(mode, size, data, decoder_name="raw", *args):
|
"Load image from string or buffer"
|
|
# may pass tuple instead of argument list
|
if len(args) == 1 and isTupleType(args[0]):
|
args = args[0]
|
|
if decoder_name == "raw":
|
if args == ():
|
if warnings:
|
warnings.warn(
|
"the frombuffer defaults may change in a future release; "
|
"for portability, change the call to read:\n"
|
" frombuffer(mode, size, data, 'raw', mode, 0, 1)",
|
RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2
|
)
|
args = mode, 0, -1 # may change to (mode, 0, 1) post-1.1.6
|
if args[0] in _MAPMODES:
|
im = new(mode, (1,1))
|
im = im._new(
|
core.map_buffer(data, size, decoder_name, None, 0, args)
|
)
|
im.readonly = 1
|
return im
|
|
return fromstring(mode, size, data, decoder_name, args)
|
|
|
##
|
# (New in 1.1.6) Creates an image memory from an object exporting
|
# the array interface (using the buffer protocol).
|
#
|
# If obj is not contiguous, then the tostring method is called
|
# and {@link frombuffer} is used.
|
#
|
# @param obj Object with array interface
|
# @param mode Mode to use (will be determined from type if None)
|
# @return An image memory.
|
|
def fromarray(obj, mode=None):
|
arr = obj.__array_interface__
|
shape = arr['shape']
|
ndim = len(shape)
|
try:
|
strides = arr['strides']
|
except KeyError:
|
strides = None
|
if mode is None:
|
try:
|
typekey = (1, 1) + shape[2:], arr['typestr']
|
mode, rawmode = _fromarray_typemap[typekey]
|
except KeyError:
|
# print typekey
|
raise TypeError("Cannot handle this data type")
|
else:
|
rawmode = mode
|
if mode in ["1", "L", "I", "P", "F"]:
|
ndmax = 2
|
elif mode == "RGB":
|
ndmax = 3
|
else:
|
ndmax = 4
|
if ndim > ndmax:
|
raise ValueError("Too many dimensions.")
|
|
size = shape[1], shape[0]
|
if strides is not None:
|
obj = obj.tostring()
|
|
return frombuffer(mode, size, obj, "raw", rawmode, 0, 1)
|
|
_fromarray_typemap = {
|
# (shape, typestr) => mode, rawmode
|
# first two members of shape are set to one
|
# ((1, 1), "|b1"): ("1", "1"), # broken
|
((1, 1), "|u1"): ("L", "L"),
|
((1, 1), "|i1"): ("I", "I;8"),
|
((1, 1), "<i2"): ("I", "I;16"),
|
((1, 1), ">i2"): ("I", "I;16B"),
|
((1, 1), "<i4"): ("I", "I;32"),
|
((1, 1), ">i4"): ("I", "I;32B"),
|
((1, 1), "<f4"): ("F", "F;32F"),
|
((1, 1), ">f4"): ("F", "F;32BF"),
|
((1, 1), "<f8"): ("F", "F;64F"),
|
((1, 1), ">f8"): ("F", "F;64BF"),
|
((1, 1, 3), "|u1"): ("RGB", "RGB"),
|
((1, 1, 4), "|u1"): ("RGBA", "RGBA"),
|
}
|
|
# shortcuts
|
_fromarray_typemap[((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "i4")] = ("I", "I")
|
_fromarray_typemap[((1, 1), _ENDIAN + "f4")] = ("F", "F")
|
|
##
|
# Opens and identifies the given image file.
|
# <p>
|
# This is a lazy operation; this function identifies the file, but the
|
# actual image data is not read from the file until you try to process
|
# the data (or call the {@link #Image.load} method).
|
#
|
# @def open(file, mode="r")
|
# @param file A filename (string) or a file object. The file object
|
# must implement <b>read</b>, <b>seek</b>, and <b>tell</b> methods,
|
# and be opened in binary mode.
|
# @param mode The mode. If given, this argument must be "r".
|
# @return An Image object.
|
# @exception IOError If the file cannot be found, or the image cannot be
|
# opened and identified.
|
# @see #new
|
|
def open(fp, mode="r"):
|
"Open an image file, without loading the raster data"
|
|
if mode != "r":
|
raise ValueError("bad mode")
|
|
if isStringType(fp):
|
import __builtin__
|
filename = fp
|
fp = __builtin__.open(fp, "rb")
|
else:
|
filename = ""
|
|
prefix = fp.read(16)
|
|
preinit()
|
|
for i in ID:
|
try:
|
factory, accept = OPEN[i]
|
if not accept or accept(prefix):
|
fp.seek(0)
|
return factory(fp, filename)
|
except (SyntaxError, IndexError, TypeError):
|
pass
|
|
if init():
|
|
for i in ID:
|
try:
|
factory, accept = OPEN[i]
|
if not accept or accept(prefix):
|
fp.seek(0)
|
return factory(fp, filename)
|
except (SyntaxError, IndexError, TypeError):
|
pass
|
|
raise IOError("cannot identify image file")
|
|
#
|
# Image processing.
|
|
##
|
# Creates a new image by interpolating between two input images, using
|
# a constant alpha.
|
#
|
# <pre>
|
# out = image1 * (1.0 - alpha) + image2 * alpha
|
# </pre>
|
#
|
# @param im1 The first image.
|
# @param im2 The second image. Must have the same mode and size as
|
# the first image.
|
# @param alpha The interpolation alpha factor. If alpha is 0.0, a
|
# copy of the first image is returned. If alpha is 1.0, a copy of
|
# the second image is returned. There are no restrictions on the
|
# alpha value. If necessary, the result is clipped to fit into
|
# the allowed output range.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def blend(im1, im2, alpha):
|
"Interpolate between images."
|
|
im1.load()
|
im2.load()
|
return im1._new(core.blend(im1.im, im2.im, alpha))
|
|
##
|
# Creates a new image by interpolating between two input images,
|
# using the mask as alpha.
|
#
|
# @param image1 The first image.
|
# @param image2 The second image. Must have the same mode and
|
# size as the first image.
|
# @param mask A mask image. This image can can have mode
|
# "1", "L", or "RGBA", and must have the same size as the
|
# other two images.
|
|
def composite(image1, image2, mask):
|
"Create composite image by blending images using a transparency mask"
|
|
image = image2.copy()
|
image.paste(image1, None, mask)
|
return image
|
|
##
|
# Applies the function (which should take one argument) to each pixel
|
# in the given image. If the image has more than one band, the same
|
# function is applied to each band. Note that the function is
|
# evaluated once for each possible pixel value, so you cannot use
|
# random components or other generators.
|
#
|
# @def eval(image, function)
|
# @param image The input image.
|
# @param function A function object, taking one integer argument.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def eval(image, *args):
|
"Evaluate image expression"
|
|
return image.point(args[0])
|
|
##
|
# Creates a new image from a number of single-band images.
|
#
|
# @param mode The mode to use for the output image.
|
# @param bands A sequence containing one single-band image for
|
# each band in the output image. All bands must have the
|
# same size.
|
# @return An Image object.
|
|
def merge(mode, bands):
|
"Merge a set of single band images into a new multiband image."
|
|
if getmodebands(mode) != len(bands) or "*" in mode:
|
raise ValueError("wrong number of bands")
|
for im in bands[1:]:
|
if im.mode != getmodetype(mode):
|
raise ValueError("mode mismatch")
|
if im.size != bands[0].size:
|
raise ValueError("size mismatch")
|
im = core.new(mode, bands[0].size)
|
for i in range(getmodebands(mode)):
|
bands[i].load()
|
im.putband(bands[i].im, i)
|
return bands[0]._new(im)
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Plugin registry
|
|
##
|
# Register an image file plugin. This function should not be used
|
# in application code.
|
#
|
# @param id An image format identifier.
|
# @param factory An image file factory method.
|
# @param accept An optional function that can be used to quickly
|
# reject images having another format.
|
|
def register_open(id, factory, accept=None):
|
id = string.upper(id)
|
ID.append(id)
|
OPEN[id] = factory, accept
|
|
##
|
# Registers an image MIME type. This function should not be used
|
# in application code.
|
#
|
# @param id An image format identifier.
|
# @param mimetype The image MIME type for this format.
|
|
def register_mime(id, mimetype):
|
MIME[string.upper(id)] = mimetype
|
|
##
|
# Registers an image save function. This function should not be
|
# used in application code.
|
#
|
# @param id An image format identifier.
|
# @param driver A function to save images in this format.
|
|
def register_save(id, driver):
|
SAVE[string.upper(id)] = driver
|
|
##
|
# Registers an image extension. This function should not be
|
# used in application code.
|
#
|
# @param id An image format identifier.
|
# @param extension An extension used for this format.
|
|
def register_extension(id, extension):
|
EXTENSION[string.lower(extension)] = string.upper(id)
|
|
|
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
|
# Simple display support. User code may override this.
|
|
def _show(image, **options):
|
# override me, as necessary
|
apply(_showxv, (image,), options)
|
|
def _showxv(image, title=None, **options):
|
import ImageShow
|
apply(ImageShow.show, (image, title), options)
|
